Assignment 1

         Task 1

         In a single camera production, there are many genres within the TV and Film industry that use only one camera. This could be because the Directors are trying to portray certain meanings or unable to obtain multiple cameras because of the budget, but we know that a single camera production is likely to be more cheaper than a multi-camera production, its even in the name, but why do big companies choose a single camera production over the other, clearly not solely due to its pricing, a single camera production offers quality shots with broader location choices and are much more flexible which is a win-win. But maybe that ins't quite enough, in terms of cost aside from the cost of cameras, the editing wouldn't be as complex and probably be less of a hassle which avoids the trouble of cutting and editing different scenes as the production comes to place, it will all be done in one place saving money on hiring staff. In short a single camera production means less staff, slightly better quality and the director has more control over each shot.
                
        Example of a single camera production: Doctor who

         This would be used with a single camera as it would be cheaper to make for the writers, it will also be done because in a show like Doctor Who, as it is a single drama and an anti realist show, they will shoot with a single camera so they can portray the full landscapes to the audience so they will get a better feel for the show and will become more interested in it. It is also done to capture all of the expressions on the characters faces, this is done for the audience to begin to feel more emotional attachment towards them, for this, they will use close ups and extreme close ups much more often than a multi camera production would.

          


          Crime

         Using single camera techniques in a crime genre can give the opportunity to experiment with lighting. For example low key lighting can be used to create tension between characters. Like period dramas single camera techniques are also used to allow for actors to develop and get into their roles. Crime scenes often use a single camera production due to the fast pace the film is in, the vast amount of locations can be filmed using one camera as majority of the time the camera focuses on either the protagonist or the villain. 

          Here's a following clip of BTS of Breaking Bad.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EK0jayJR_RU

         Example of a multi-camera production: Jeremy Kyle Show

          The Jeremy Kyle show is shot on multi cameras because it is a talk show, it must be captured through different shot types such as close ups and mid shots, it also must be shot from other angles, so there will be different camera set ups around the focus point. If this was shot with a single camera, then it would not be able to capture all of the right footage, by using multi camera, it ensures that one camera can focus on the close ups of the guests and the host, other can focus on the long shots, master shots and many others.

      
            A multi camera has has the benefit of providing for the live audiences as well whereas single camera productions are unable to, however it doesn't take up the lose because majority of the audiences is at home therefore it is a bonus.

          Multi-camera productions is present in some dramas too, with multiple cameras, you don't have to choose between what to film because the coverage is there. Actors can focus more on perfecting their roles and less time dealing with the production side of things

Narrative Structures

Todorov's theory consists of 5 stages, these stages are:

1. Equilibrium everything as it should be.

2. Disruption which something happens, that disrupts the peace/norm

3. Recognition realization that disruption has occurred

4. Repair an attempt to repair the disruption

5. NEW equilibrium a restored order

A Linear narrative is film the follows a chronological pattern, majority of films use a linear narrative construct, whereas other films that do not follow this pattern is categorised into Non-Linear, this can be easily spotted by techniques such as flashbacks. I will be firstly analysing Linear Narratives first in the paragraph below.

                                     An example of a Linear film would be: Avatar (2009).

This screenshot shows the main character entering the virtual machine to be transported to his avatar.

This screenshot shows the protagonist on a mission after entering the new body. This was right after him entering the virtual machine, by doing this it gives the audience a straight thrill and it entertains them through the continuous plot instead of giving flashbacks as it is not as intriguing, because the storyline is interesting especially in sci-fi films the audience would want to know what is going to happen next so by using a Linear Narrative there is no delay.

A Non Linear film is a film that does not follow a chronological order, a non-linear film uses techniques like flashbacks:

By using flashbacks this gives a better understanding to why something is happening as it unfolds the story in a unique way, similar to like consequential-ism theory,  The use of flashback gives the audience ‘back story’ and a additional understanding.

You can get a richer story by using non-linear which may appeal to the audience more as it could have a unique style.


Task 3 

Example of a film with an open ended narrative would be Inception.

By having a open ended narrative meaning that something is left unresolved allows the audience continue guessing and debating.
By leaving it unresolved it can lead to:
Social interaction this is where people can communicate through varies ways such as social media about the subject which could continue debates long after the film has finished.

In a closed ended film you will either have a happy ending or sad ending in most cases, for audiences that watch many films following this construct may be a little cynical or "boring" however people may argue that having a closed ending will provide satisfaction but sometimes the plot may be too boring and end up with reactions that are dull, this is where open-ended films come in, it provides a mystery for the audience to solve and not only that but it could even take a second viewing to understand fully what the plot is about which could lead to debates on which theories are right or wrong such as with the movie inception, there are still may sites on the web that are trying to debunk the mystery of the ending whether the protagonist is in a dream or the reality.







Skyline is another example of an open-ended film, the end of the film shows us a scene of the protagonist who got his brains ripped out by aliens inside the mother-ship, the plot thickens after the protagonist has died, further on in the movie around the ending scene shows us that the protagonist is still alive although he is a alien now this reassures the audience and could give them a glimmer of hope but the film ends here.

Example of a closed ended film would be Karate kid (2010) follows a linear plot where a kid who has been transported to China being forced to follow the rules and attend school and getting in to trouble but his troubles are yearned through learning Kung Fu. 


 This scene is of Jaden smith playing karate kid and facing his final fight against the so called bad guy, by having a closed ending, he either wins the fight or loses this both gives the audience a better viewing due to the completion of the storyline, if this was an open-ended narrative it could frustrate the audience as it would feel like the story hasn't ended yet and bothersome to watch another sequel just to find out who wins. By being an closed ended film this allows the audience to indulge in the story and allow a more satisfying feeling when the plot ends in this case the Karate kid beats his opponent. 

Attack the block is another example of an close-ended film. During the last scenes the boys defeat the aliens, with it being a complete plot this enhances the moments where they survived and defeat the aliens making it more satisfactory for the audience.

technical features

Editing techniques

In the film City Of God during the first scene we witness a lot of jump cuts of rough scenes with blades getting sharpened and chickens getting ripped apart this creates an intense atmosphere for the audience. Suddenly a chicken escapes this gives the audience a sort of hope that the chicken escapes from this 'hell'. There was a variety of camera shots used during the scene of chicken being chased, a tracking shot of the chicken running shows that the opposition is right behind it and it creates a very intense feel. Jump shots used to showcase a paranoia feeling and constant alertness which portrays their struggle in finding and capturing the chicken. Parallel editing is also present, parallel editing is when two or more shots are set in different places this shows how broad the location is.

Camera techniques:

In the film city of god they use varies camera techniques to portray a feeling/emotion for example when the chicken escapes a higher-up gang member calls his people to capture the chicken, during this scene the shot is of a close up of this character showing his gritty teeth and grin and his psychotic features this gives the audience an insight on what these type of people are.

Aside from close ups, many long shots and tracking shots are used to follow the fight, a high angle long shot is used to show the locations of their chase which is very narrow and compact, along with this low angle tracking shots and used to further show the chase, at this angle you can relate to how dangerous of a situation the chicken is in, the number of feet outnumbers the chicken which it risks being caught, furthermore this angle shows us how poor these characters are where some are wearing sandles and some bare-feet.

At the near end a long shot is used to show between the conflict of both opposition, this is used to show how intimidating the gang is, the gangs strength is in their numbers and the way they pull out the guns shows us how an all out fight might be triggered.

 

Sound:

Diegetic sounds is when both the audience and the characters can hear. This could be sound effects or music played in the scene for example a person playing the piano.

Non-Diegetic is a sound that only the audience can hear for example int he film star wars we can hear the sounds effects of the light sabers clashing but the characters cannot.

In the film Star wars (2011) the scene Jedi vs Trade federation driods there is diegetic sounds being played such as the breaking of the robots and objects etc, this makes it surreal for the auidience. On top of this dialogue is used between the two opposition however only sentences are being said as the scene focuses more on the fighting. 

Non-diegetic sounds such as the driods firing their weapons and sabers being clashed is used, however this alone would not be as engaging therefore background music of dramatic violins being played is used to top it of with a sci-fi feel

Location

This is the first location we are going to use for our film. Our first idea was to you a filthy living room but it was hard to find a house to video our film so us a group we decided to use the sixth form common area.  We are going to have 7 storyboard scene for this location. Most of the action will take place in this location.

series serial

Series:
Marvel agents of Shield, Doctor Who. (Drama, Sci-Fi)

Benefit for series:

An audience can get to a conclusive opinion on whether they like the style or plot of the film quicker rather then watching a serial and becoming unsatisfied with the ending,
Each episode is different therefore new viewers can understand the story better than a serial and audiences can watch a series off an on and doesn't require consistent viewing.
Example of a popular Series would be Doctor Who, where each episode the doctor deals with a new problem or fights a new alien, a benefit of this for the audience would be through the repetition and difference theory which satisfies the audience by consistently defeat or overcoming an alien/monster episode after episode whereas this doesn't apply to a serial.

However some may complain that in a series the plot may get repetitive for example winning every time and this does not create tension or a climate for the audience therefore after a while the audience may become bored, comparing this to serial no characters are safe and certain characters risk death because of this uncertainty the audience may become more involved in the film in ways such as tweeting about a characters death in agony which may lead to social interaction of others.



Serial:
Supergirl, The flash (Action)

A serial allows the audience to gain a better insight on particular characters, this allows the director to prolong the program giving back stories to certain characters which may allow audiences to understand them more on a personal level which could lead also to personal identification such as reinforcing personal values. Furthermore it allows the audience to be behind the character each week watching them develop through each episode.
A example of a popular serial would be Eastenders, this has been ongoing every week for centuries, there is usually no specific plot but audience follows events that happen such as Affairs, murders and what a serial allows an audience to do is to predict the killer and their opinions on characters may change week after week so this allows the audience to become more engaged as active audiences.
Eastenders also has holiday specials such as halloween, Christmas where events may happen such as  a woman's baby got stolen in the halloween special this past year this allows the content to become more intriguing towards the audience and with the relevance of the holiday it can be a little different such as more tense and scary atmosphere in these episodes.

One off dramas:
The unloved, Doctor Who,

 One off specials usually tend to last longer this means the audience is able familiarize with the characters more, and the episode is to do with the changing of the season. One off specials especially for christmas, something exciting is always in store for the audience so that keeps the audience impatient to know what will happen in that episode as well this provides an opportunity to change up its narrative, for a programme that people love but changing it up a little may be something the audience may not have seen before which makes a special therefore leading to social Interaction by speaking to family and friends about it.

Open ending and closed ending

Example of a film with an open ended narrative would be Inception.

By having a open ended narrative meaning that something is left unresolved allows the audience continue guessing and debating.
By leaving it unresolved it can lead to:
Social interaction this is where people can communicate through varies ways such as social media about the subject which could continue debates long after the film has finished.

In a closed ended film you will either have a happy ending or sad ending in most cases, for audiences that watch many films following this construct may be a little cynical or "boring" however people may argue that having a closed ending will provide satisfaction but sometimes the plot may be too boring and end up with reactions that are dull, this is where open-ended films come in, it provides a mystery for the audience to solve and not only that but it could even take a second viewing to understand fully what the plot is about which could lead to debates on which theories are right or wrong such as with the movie inception, there are still may sites on the web that are trying to debunk the mystery of the ending whether the protagonist is in a dream or the reality.







Skyline is another example of an open-ended film, the end of the film shows us a scene of the protagonist who got his brains ripped out by aliens inside the mother-ship, the plot thickens after the protagonist has died, further on in the movie around the ending scene shows us that the protagonist is still alive although he is a alien now this reassures the audience and could give them a glimmer of hope but the film ends here.

Example of a closed ended film would be Karate kid (2010) follows a linear plot where a kid who has been transported to China being forced to follow the rules and attend school and getting in to trouble but his troubles are yearned through learning Kung Fu. 


 This scene is of Jaden smith playing karate kid and facing his final fight against the so called bad guy, by having a closed ending, he either wins the fight or loses this both gives the audience a better viewing due to the completion of the storyline, if this was an open-ended narrative it could frustrate the audience as it would feel like the story hasn't ended yet and bothersome to watch another sequel just to find out who wins. By being an closed ended film this allows the audience to indulge in the story and allow a more satisfying feeling when the plot ends in this case the Karate kid beats his opponent. 

Attack the block is another example of an close-ended film. During the last scenes the boys defeat the aliens, with it being a complete plot this enhances the moments where they survived and defeat the aliens making it more satisfactory for the audience.

Linear Narratives

A Linear narrative is film the follows a chronological pattern, majority of films use a linear narrative construct, whereas other films that do not follow this pattern is categorised into Non-Linear, this can be easily spotted by techniques such as flashbacks. I will be firstly analysing Linear Narratives first in the paragraph below.

                                     An example of a Linear film would be: Avatar (2009).

This screenshot shows the main character entering the virtual machine to be transported to his avatar.

This screenshot shows the protagonist on a mission after entering the new body. This was right after him entering the virtual machine, by doing this it gives the audience a straight thrill and it entertains them through the continuous plot instead of giving flashbacks as it is not as intriguing, because the storyline is interesting especially in sci-fi films the audience would want to know what is going to happen next so by using a Linear Narrative there is no delay.

this screenshot is during the end of the film. 

pre-post

Pre-viewing experiences such as trailers may provide something fresh and new and crossing in with the proliferation of technology the special effects may be on another level therefore it creates hype amongst the fans. The institution also chooses which actors to use and you'd hear that some people would only watch the film because of a certain actor for example Cara in suicide squad.

Another way pre-viewing experiences has become popular is by the use of Synergy, having a film character made into McDonald toys for example is an effective way to promote the film, in ways such as social interaction, kids collecting these figures and swapping ones with their friends and persuading their mums and dads to let them watch the film which also leads to social interaction after the viewing process.

Post viewing experiences such as sweeded videos allows fans to express their love for the film, sometimes these could be paradies to show the concept of the plot but in a slightly different way but this allows the fans to enjoy themselves.

continued on paper

Unit 22 task 1 -Single and Multi Camera Analysis

   Single Camera and Multi-camera Production

         In a single camera production, there are many genres within the TV and Film industry that use only one camera. This could be because the Directors are trying to portray certain meanings or unable to obtain multiple cameras because of the budget, but we know that a single camera production is likely to be more cheaper than a multi-camera production, its even in the name, but why do big companies choose a single camera production over the other, clearly not solely due to its pricing, a single camera production offers quality shots with broader location choices and are much more flexible which is a win-win. But maybe that ins't quite enough, in terms of cost aside from the cost of cameras, the editing wouldn't be as complex and probably be less of a hassle which avoids the trouble of cutting and editing different scenes as the production comes to place, it will all be done in one place saving money on hiring staff. In short a single camera production means less staff, slightly better quality and the director has more control over each shot.
                
        Example of a single camera production: Doctor who

         This would be used with a single camera as it would be cheaper to make for the writers, it will also be done because in a show like Doctor Who, as it is a single drama and an anti realist show, they will shoot with a single camera so they can portray the full landscapes to the audience so they will get a better feel for the show and will become more interested in it. It is also done to capture all of the expressions on the characters faces, this is done for the audience to begin to feel more emotional attachment towards them, for this, they will use close ups and extreme close ups much more often than a multi camera production would.

          


           Crime

         Using single camera techniques in a crime genre can give the opportunity to experiment with lighting. For example low key lighting can be used to create tension between characters. Like period dramas single camera techniques are also used to allow for actors to develop and get into their roles.

          Here's a following clip of BTS of Breaking Bad.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EK0jayJR_RU


Comedy:

Comedy usually bases on how the guy acts or his jokes therefore a single production is cheaper and perfect.

         Example of a multi-camera production: Jeremy Kyle Show

          The Jeremy Kyle show is shot on multi cameras because it is a talk show, it must be captured through different shot types such as close ups and mid shots, it also must be shot from other angles, so there will be different camera set ups around the focus point. If this was shot with a single camera, then it would not be able to capture all of the right footage, by using multi camera, it ensures that one camera can focus on the close ups of the guests and the host, other can focus on the long shots, master shots and many others.

      

            A multi camera has has the benefit of providing for the live audiences as well whereas single camera productions are unable to, however it doesn't take up the lose because majority of the audiences is at home therefore it is a bonus.

          Multi-camera productions is present in some dramas too, with multiple cameras, you don't have to choose between what to film because the coverage is there. Actors can focus more on perfecting their roles and less time dealing with the production side of things.